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Hearing Loss in Children

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Author/s: 
Lieu, J.E.C., Kenna, M., Anne, S.
Date Added: 
December 8, 2020
Journal/Publication: 
JAMA Network
Publication Date: 
December 1, 2020
Issue: 
21
Volume: 
324
Pages: 
2195-2205
URL: 
Hearing Loss in Children
Type: 
Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines
Format: 
Article
DOI (1): 
doi:10.1001/jama.2020.17647
MeSH 
child
Hearing Loss
Deafness

RPR Commentary

A review of the causes, consequences, and management of hearing loss in children.  James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Abstract

Importance  Hearing loss in children is common and by age 18 years, affects nearly 1 of every 5 children. Without hearing rehabilitation, hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children.

Observations  Consequences of hearing loss in children include worse outcomes in speech, language, education, social functioning, cognitive abilities, and quality of life. Hearing loss can be congenital, delayed onset, or acquired with possible etiologies including congenital infections, genetic causes including syndromic and nonsyndromic etiologies, and trauma, among others. Evaluation of hearing loss must be based on suspected diagnosis, type, laterality and degree of hearing loss, age of onset, and additional variables such as exposure to cranial irradiation. Hearing rehabilitation for children with hearing loss may include use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, bone anchored devices, or use of assistive devices such as frequency modulating systems.

Conclusions and Relevance  Hearing loss in children is common, and there has been substantial progress in diagnosis and management of these cases. Early identification of hearing loss and understanding its etiology can assist with prognosis and counseling of families. In addition, awareness of treatment strategies including the many hearing device options, cochlear implant, and assistive devices can help direct management of the patient to optimize outcomes.

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