University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

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Author/s:

Goyal, L., Zapata, M., Ajmera, K., Churasia, P., Pandit, R., Pandit, T.

Date Added:

October 9, 2022

Journal/Publication:

Cureus

Publisher:

Cureus

Publication Date:

October 2, 2022

Issue:

Volume:

URL:

A Hitchhiker's Guide to Worldwide COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Detailed Review of Monovalent and Bivalent Vaccine Schedules, COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects, and Effectiveness Against Omicron and Delta Variants

Type:

Meta-analyses, Reviews, and Guidelines

Format:

Article

DOI (1):

10.7759/cureus.29837

PMID (1):

36204257

Keywords

Cost-Benefit Analysis

COVID-19

vaccination

counseling

MeSH

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.

delivery of health care

RPR Commentary

A summary of recommended dosing intervals and effectiveness of currently available COVID-19 vaccines. James W. Mold, MD, MPH

Abstract

For the primary prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are currently four different vaccines available in the USA. These are Pfizer (messenger RNA [mRNA]), Moderna (mRNA), Novavax (recombinant protein), and Jansen/Johnson & Johnson (adenoviral vector). All individuals should get vaccinated, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided comprehensive guidelines on recommended doses, their frequency by age group, and vaccine types, all discussed in detail in this article. Vaccines are a critical and cost-effective tool for preventing the disease. Prior to receiving a vaccine, patients should get adequate counseling regarding any potential adverse effects post vaccination. Appropriate safety precautions must be taken for those more likely to experience adverse consequences. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the symptoms, indicators, and treatment of any adverse event post-vaccination. We have provided a comprehensive review of the different characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States, including their effectiveness against various variants, adverse effects, and precautions necessary for healthcare professionals and the general population. This article also briefly covers COVID-19 vaccines available worldwide, specifically their mode of action and effectiveness.

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