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Vulvar cancer

Author/s: 
Jennifer Davis, Jacob McGee, Anjali Kulkarni

Vulvar cancer is an underrecognized gynecologic malignant disease. The incidence of vulvar cancer is 2.3 per 100 000 people in Canada, and is increasing with the rising prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 90% of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), mostly diagnosed after age 65 years. Vulvar SCC mimics nonspecific inflammation, which often delays diagnosis. Risk factors include advanced age, HPV infection, lichen sclerosis, smoking, immunodeficiency, and pelvic radiation

Keywords 
Vulvar cancer Human Papillomavirus Viruses human papillomavirus Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

AAP Releases Its Own Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule

Author/s: 
Samantha Anderer

The AAP recommends vaccines to protect children against 18 diseases. The updated CDC schedule removed routine recommendations for hepatitis A and B, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, influenza, and meningococcal disease, instead only recommending them for certain groups at high risk of infection or based on shared clinical decision-making. The AAP continues to suggest vaccines for these diseases.

There are also differences regarding administration. For example, the new CDC schedule recommends that children aged 4 to 6 years receive both a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and a monovalent varicella vaccine, but the AAP also supports a combination vaccine that covers all 4 viruses. And although the CDC recommends 1 dose of the human papillomavirus virus vaccine at ages 11 to 12 years, the AAP recommends 2 doses starting at ages 9 to 12 years.

Recommendations from the AAP are based on a review of vaccine safety data and the epidemiology of US diseases, the organization said. It added that insurance coverage and liability protection are expected to continue for all vaccines on the CDC schedule—even those no longer considered routine—according to federal officials.

Keywords 
Immunization Schedule Respiratory Syncytial Viruses Human Papillomavirus Viruses vaccines Combined Chickenpox Vaccine Rubella Vaccine

Human Papillomavirus and Cancer

Author/s: 
Julie R. Barzilay, Sarah Feldman, Alison E. Burke, Emily Ling, Scott Williams, Caren G. Solomon

In this Double Take video from the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Julie Barzilay discusses the connection between certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cancer, as well as the evidence to support the safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccine in reducing the risk of cervical neoplasia. Strategies for discussing the HPV vaccine with patients and families are also reviewed.

Keywords 
Human Papillomavirus Viruses Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Papillomavirus Infections Papillomavirus Vaccines
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