Vulvar cancer

Vulvar cancer is an underrecognized gynecologic malignant disease. The incidence of vulvar cancer is 2.3 per 100 000 people in Canada, and is increasing with the rising prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 90% of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), mostly diagnosed after age 65 years. Vulvar SCC mimics nonspecific inflammation, which often delays diagnosis. Risk factors include advanced age, HPV infection, lichen sclerosis, smoking, immunodeficiency, and pelvic radiation