Food consumption provides essential and nonessential nutrients in the human body and thereby promotes growth and health. Individual food choice and the potential modification of eating habits are complex issues, influenced by the availability and acceptability of foods.1 The availability of...
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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes: A SMART-C Collaborative Meta-Analysis
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) consistently improve heart failure and kidney-related outcomes; however, effects on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) across different patient populations are less clear.
Methods: This was a collaborative trial-level...
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Management of Depression in Adults: A Review
Importance: Approximately 9% of US adults experience major depression each year, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 17% for men and 30% for women.
Observations: Major depression is defined by depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, and associated psychological and somatic...
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Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Older Outpatient Women
This Clinical Insights discusses special considerations in recurrent urinary tract infection diagnosis and management in older women.
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Bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge, affecting 23%–30% of reproductive-aged people
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by a disrupted vaginal microbiome balance. Symptoms include itch, dysuria, and a thin, grey discharge with a “fishy” odour, particularly...
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Opioid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency
A woman in her 40s with opioid use disorder receiving methadone (70 mg daily) was admitted for extended antibiotic treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. She had been taking methadone at varying doses (ranging from 15 to 70 mg daily) for 15 years.
Following...
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Pediatric sialorrhea (drooling)
Sialorrhea is common in children with neurologic impairment
Sialorrhea can be normal in children with typical development until age 4 years. It occurs in as many as 44% of children with cerebral palsy.1 It typically results from poor oral motor control and fluctuates alongside the child’s...
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Exercise as a treatment for depression
Exercise effectively treats depression and may decrease suicide attempts
A 2023 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) found that supervised, group or non-group, moderate- or vigorous-intensity, aerobic or resistance exercises (excluding mind–body activities such as yoga)...
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Screening for Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Importance: Among all US women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. In 2023, an estimated 43 170 women died of breast cancer. Non-Hispanic White women have the highest incidence of breast cancer and non-Hispanic Black women have the...
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Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
Background: Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. Etidronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs which act to inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts - bone cells that break down...
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