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Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention: A Systematic Review

Author/s: Fink, Howard A., MacDonald, Roderick, Forte, Mary L., Rosebush, Christina E., Ensrud, Kristine E., Schousboe, John T., Nelson, Victoria A., Ullman, Kristen, Butler, Mary, Olson, Carin M., Taylor, Brent C., Brasure, Michelle, Wilt, Timothy J.

Objective. To summarize the effects of long-term osteoporosis drug treatment (ODT) and ODT discontinuation and holidays on fractures and harms.

Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, and Cochrane databases from 1995 to October 2018; ClinicalTrials.gov;...

Keywords/Tags:
post-menopausal osteoporosis osteoporosis

Does CBD Actually Work?

Author/s: Avins, Jenni

Perhaps you’ve heard a lot of people are using CBD.

The chemical compound, naturally occurring in cannabis plants, doesn’t get you high, but does have a wide swath of other purported...

Keywords/Tags:
CBD cannabis cannabidiol

A Systematic Review of Trials to Improve Child Outcomes Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiences

Author/s: Marie-Mitchell, Ariane, Kostolansky, Rashel

Context

The purpose of this systematic literature review was to summarize current evidence from RCTs for the efficacy of interventions involving pediatric health care to prevent poor outcomes associated with adverse childhood experiences measured in childhood (C-ACEs).

Evidence...

Keywords/Tags:
adverse childhood experience child child abuse psychology of violence physical abuse

Tapering Long-term Opioid Therapy in Chronic Noncancer Pain: Evidence and Recommendations for Everyday Practice

Author/s: Berna, Chantal, Kulich, Ronald J., Rathmell, James P.

Increasing concern about the risks and limited evidence supporting the therapeutic benefit of long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain are leading prescribers to consider discontinuing the use of opioids. In addition to overt addiction or diversion, the presence of adverse effects,...

Keywords/Tags:
opiods taper pain management

Treatment of Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer

Author/s: Ruddy, Kathryn J., Ganz, Patricia A.

The treatment of breast cancer has evolved largely based on refinements in understanding of the biology of the disease and the variable risk for mortality among separate disease subtypes.1 Further, due to...

Keywords/Tags:
breast cancer mammography screening early detection

Sexually Transmitted Infections

This collection features the best content from AFP, as identified by the AFP editors, on sexually transmitted disease and related issues, including chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus, and syphilis. New research may affect the interpretation and...

Keywords/Tags:
sexually transmitted infections human papillomavirus

Screening for Breast Cancer in Average-Risk Women: A Guidance Statement From the American College of Physicians

Author/s: Qaseem, Amir, Lin, Jennifer S., Mustafa, Reem A., Horwitch, Carrie A., Wilt, Timothy J., Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians

Description:

The purpose of this guidance statement is to provide advice to clinicians on breast cancer screening in average-risk women based on a review of existing guidelines and the evidence they include.

Methods:

This guidance statement is derived from an appraisal of...

Keywords/Tags:
breast cancer average-risk women mammography screening

Vitamin D and diabetic foot ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/s: Dai, Jiezhi, Jiang, Chaoyin, Chen, Hua, Chai, Yimin

We aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in patients with diabetes. Pubmed, EMBASE, BIOSIS, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge, last updated in July 2018, were searched. We assessed eligible studies for the association between...

Keywords/Tags:
diabetes complications risk factors diabetes vitamin D

Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author/s: Gibb, Roger D., McRorie, Johnson W., Russell, Darrell A., Hasselblad, Vic, D'Alessio, David A.

BACKGROUND:

A number of health benefits are associated with intake of soluble, viscous, gel-forming fibers, including reduced serum cholesterol and the attenuation of postprandial glucose excursions.

OBJECTIVE:

We assess the effects of psyllium, which is a soluble, gel-...

Keywords/Tags:
diabetes fiber glycemic glycemic control meta-analysis metabolic syndrome psyllium type 2 diabetes

Hepatitis (and Other Liver Diseases)

This collection features the best content from AFP, as identified by the AFP editors, on hepatitis and other liver disease and related issues, including cirrhosis, chronic liver failure, hemochromatosis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, jaundice, and nonalcoholic fatty...

Keywords/Tags:
hepatitis

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