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Objective: To provide a practical guide to help family physicians recognize, diagnose, and manage patients with pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs), often overlooked as causes of chronic pelvic pain and varicose veins.
Sources of information: This review is based on guidelines from the American Venous Forum, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the American Vein and Lymphatic Society, the Society of Interventional Radiology, and the European Society for Vascular Surgery.
Main message: PeVDs are common, though frequently misdiagnosed, causes of chronic pelvic pain and varicose veins predominantly in female patients. These conditions arise from venous reflux or obstruction, which can cause varicose veins and venous hypertension in the renal hilum, pelvis, perineum, and lower extremities. Family physicians should recognize the clinical signs of PeVDs and use appropriate imaging to confirm diagnoses. Interventional treatments, including embolization and stenting, are effective for symptom management and improving patient outcomes.
Conclusion: Early recognition of patients with PeVDs by family physicians is crucial for timely and effective treatment. By using appropriate diagnostic tools and making timely referrals, physicians can substantially improve patients' quality of life.
Eating meals at home together as a family is important for both parents and children.
Eating dinner together at least 3 or 4 times per week has positive effects on child development and has been linked to children’s lower rates of overweight and obesity, substance abuse, teen pregnancy, depression, and eating disorders; higher self-esteem; and better academic performance. Eating family meals also has nutritional benefits. Families who eat dinner together eat more fruits and vegetables and fewer fried foods and sugary drinks. Family meals also help adults and children learn to like a variety of foods.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also called electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vaping devices, or vape pens, are battery-powered devices used to smoke or “vape” a flavored solution which usually contains nicotine. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) recognizes the alarmingly increased use of ENDS, especially among youth and young adults, as well as its use by those attempting to quit smoking tobacco.
The AAFP calls for further research to assess ENDS’ safety, quality, and efficacy as a potential cessation device. The AAFP also recommends that the marketing and advertising of ENDS to children and youth cease immediately. The AAFP encourages members to screen for ENDS use starting with school-age children, to discuss the potential harms of ENDS, and to recommend cessation interventions with e-cigarette users. The AAFP encourages members to inform patients who use ENDS, especially children, that the majority of these products contain nicotine and are addictive. (2014 COD) (April 2019 BOD)
