Approximately 1 in 7 individuals are affected by perinatal depression, defined as a depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or within 12 months after delivery. Although the diagnostic criteria are similar to those of major depressive disorder, perinatal depression may also include symptoms...
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Long QT Syndrome
To assess a physician’s expertise on the basis of whether the doctor checks a patient’s QT interval would be excessive, but the fact remains that in many cases, checking it saves lives. The author of a respected textbook on electrocardiography1 wrote, “The measurement of the QT interval has...
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Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review
Importance Peripheral neuropathy, defined as damage to peripheral nerves, affects approximately 1% of adults worldwide. More than 200 causes of peripheral neuropathy exist, with symptoms ranging in severity from mild toe numbness to debilitating symptoms that can require a wheelchair. Diabetes...
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Dental Caries in Adults
Dental caries (tooth decay or cavities) refers to demineralization of teeth, which occurs after bacteria metabolize dietary carbohydrates into acid. More than 90% of US adults experience caries and 26% have untreated caries.
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Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adults: A Review
Importance Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) includes a range of liver conditions, progressing from isolated steatosis (characterized by fat accumulation in the liver without inflammation) to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which involves...
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Diagnosis and management of celiac disease
Celiac disease is frequently undiagnosed, in part because of its highly variable clinical presentation.
Celiac disease can present with classic gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss), atypical or extraintestinal manifestations (e.g., anemia,...
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Uniting depression care through generalism: a primary care-informed response to the Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission’s call for action on depression
In this Viewpoint, we respond to the 2022 Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission’s call for united action on depression. We present primary care-focused recommendations synthesised from key outcomes of 16 observational cohorts of adults with depression in primary care, representing more...
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Hemorrhoidal Disease: A Review
Importance Hemorrhoidal disease, pathology of the tissue lining of the anal canal, affects approximately 10 million individuals in the US. Hemorrhoidal disease may impair quality of life due to bleeding, pain, anal irritation, and tissue prolapse.
Observations Hemorrhoids are classified...
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Pharmacologic Treatment of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Background: In 2022, a network meta-analysis showed that a combination of β-blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) was most effective in reducing all-cause mortality in...
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Comparative efficacy and safety of exercise modalities in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of various exercise modalities as therapeutic interventions for managing knee osteoarthritis.
Design: Systematic review with network meta-analysis.
Data sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED,...
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